受經濟增長放緩的影響，新加坡應屆大學畢業生的就業率下滑。如何提高就業率和就業匹配率？
2024年3月6日，新加坡人力部長陳詩龍在國會上接受楊厝港單選區議員葉漢榮就此問題的質詢。
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以下內容為新加坡眼根據國會英文資料翻譯整理：
（左圖：新加坡楊厝港單選區議員葉漢榮， 右圖：新加坡人力部長陳詩龍）
在勞動力市場日益緊張的情況下，為畢業生提供就業幫助
葉漢榮先生詢問人力部長
（a）我們的三方合作夥伴如何與本地大學合作，確保畢業生在勞動力市場緊張的情況下找到相關或全職就業？
（b）人力部如何提高畢業生的工作匹配率？
人力部長陳詩龍醫生：
議長先生，三方合作夥伴，包括政府、新加坡全國職工總會（NTUC）和新加坡全國僱主聯合會（SNEF），已經實施了多項舉措來支持畢業生就業。
政府與公立大學密切合作，確保畢業生的供應符合行業需求，並且畢業生具備與行業相關的技能。公立大學定期審查課程設置，納入來自經濟機構和行業的反饋意見。公立大學還與僱主合作，為學生提供有意義的實習機會，作為諸多課程的重要組成部分。實習使學生能夠將課堂學習與職場實踐聯繫起來，並使公司能夠獲得更符合行業需求的人才儲備。
還有全國職場學習中心（NACE），幫助僱主建立職場學習能力，提高他們為學生提供的實習質量。
公立大學還通過職業講座、招聘會和在線資源向學生和畢業生提供與職業相關的信息。學生和畢業生可以諮詢職業教練，獲取更個性化的職業規劃和提升建議。
除了公立大學提供的服務之外，畢業生還可以前往新加坡勞動力局（WSG）和NTUC的e2i中心尋求職業諮詢和一對一輔導。畢業生還可以訪問WSG的MyCareersFuture（MCF）門戶網站搜索和申請工作。他們可以利用MCF上的CareersFinder等功能，幫助他們更好地規劃自己的職業生涯。
NTUC的青年工作組確定，幫助青年朝著他們期望的未來工作方向努力的頂級資源之一是優質實習和職業指導。因此，NTUC和SNEF在2023年開展了職業起步實驗室，以促進青年的職業試用、結構化工作場所附屬和職業指導。NTUC還成立了mentorSHIP，增加青年獲得職業指導的機會。這些舉措幫助青年更清楚地了解工作匹配度，掌握相關技能，找到與自己的能力和願望相匹配的工作。
總的來說，緊張的勞動力市場應該有利於畢業生的就業搜索，意味著在尋找符合自己的全職工作時會遇到較少困難。雖然最近聯合公立大學畢業生就業調查的結果顯示，畢業生的就業率略有下降，但仍高於2019年新冠疫情前的水平。此外，與前一年相比，畢業生的起薪也有所增加。
議長：葉先生
葉漢榮先生（楊厝港）：
謝謝，議長先生。感謝部長的回答。部門是否考慮與科技公司或初創企業孵化器等非傳統利益相關者探索創新合作，為畢業生創造新的就業機會？
其次，部門如何利用技術和數據分析來改善畢業生的就業匹配，並將他們與不同行業的相關機會聯繫起來？
陳詩龍醫生：
感謝議員提出的問題。對於他的第一個問題是否考慮與科技公司和初創企業孵化器進行創新合作，答案是部門有在考慮此合作。然而，我們需要注意與這些初創企業孵化器以及科技公司合作的階段。從公立大學畢業的畢業生可能希望尋找更長期的工作以及某種類型的職業軌跡。
我們通過A*STAR的企業技術提升計劃（Technology for Enterprise Capability Upgrading，簡稱T-UP），我們正在與許多深科技初創企業、初創企業孵化器合作，並派遣數據科學家來幫助他們提升價值鏈，提升他們可能需要的一些專業技能。對於我們自治大學的廣大年輕畢業生群體，根據培訓領域和專業領域，我們願意考慮合作，只要為這些年輕畢業生提供了明確的職業發展路徑。
將這種模式普遍應用於所有不同領域的畢業生群體並不是那麼簡單，但我們肯定會探索並進一步完善一些這樣的項目，借鑑我們幾年前開始的T-UP的見解和經驗。
關於第二點，就技術利用方面而言。的確，對於去年在供應委員會上宣布的職業健康和CareersFinder，這些都是我推出的標誌性舉措，我們確實使用了大量的數據分析，首先是為了了解我們畢業生的簡歷和培訓情況，然後，讓他們繼續通過積極地關注確保自己的培訓和技能與市場需求保持一致，以及鼓勵他們在整個職業生涯路徑上持續升級培訓，從而實現更好的就業匹配。這提供了更好的職業發展軌跡和更具生產力的發展平台。
關於數據分析和人工智慧的使用，我們已經在利用這些技術。希望這能給議員帶來一些安心。
以下是此次國會質詢英文全文：
HELP FOR GRADUATES TO FIND EMPLOYMENT AMIDST TIGHTENING LABOUR MARKET
Mr Yip Hon Weng asked the Minister for Manpower (a) how are our tripartite partners working with local universities to ensure graduates find relevant or full-time employment amidst a tightening labour market; and (b) how can the Ministry improve the job matching rate for graduates.
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{nextpage}The Minister for Manpower (Dr Tan See Leng): Mr Speaker, Sir, the tripartite partners, comprising the Government, National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF), have put in place a number of initiatives to support graduate employment.
The Government works closely with the autonomous universities (AUs) to ensure that the supply of graduates takes into account industry demand and that graduates are equipped with industry-relevant skills. AUs conduct regular reviews of course curricula, incorporating feedback from economic agencies and industry. AUs have also worked with employers to provide meaningful internships for students as important components for many of their courses. The internships allow students to connect what they learn in the classroom with the workplace and allow companies to access a pipeline of talent better aligned to industry needs.
There is also the National Centre of Excellence for Workplace Learning (NACE) which helps employers build workplace learning capabilities and raise the quality of internships that they provide to students.
The AUs also provide career-related information to students and graduates through career talks, fairs and online resources. Students and graduates can consult career coaches for more personalised career and upgrading advice.
In addition to the services provided by AUs, graduates can approach Workforce Singapore (WSG) and NTUC's e2i for career advisory and one-on-one coaching at their centres. Graduates can also access WSG's MyCareersFuture (MCF) portal to search and apply for jobs. They can make use of features such as CareersFinder on MCF to help them better plan for their careers. These support graduates to take charge of their career health by making more informed career decisions and longer-term plans.
NTUC and SNEF's efforts complement what the Government is doing. NTUC's Youth Taskforce identified that some of the top resources to help youths work towards their desired future jobs were quality internships and career mentorships. Therefore, NTUC and SNEF piloted the Career Starter Lab in 2023, to facilitate career trials, structured workplace attachments and mentorships for youths. NTUC also set up mentorSHIP to increase access to career mentoring for youths. These initiatives help youths gain more clarity about job fit, pick up relevant skills and find jobs that match their competencies and aspirations.
Overall, a tight labour market should benefit graduates in their job search, meaning less difficulties in seeking out full-time employment with a good job fit. While the recent results from the Joint Autonomous Universities Graduate Employment Survey show a slight decrease in employment rates for graduates, it still remains higher than the pre-COVID levels in 2019. Furthermore, graduates also saw an increase in starting salaries compared to the year before.
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{nextpage}Mr Speaker: Mr Yip.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Minister for his response. Is the Ministry considering exploring innovative partnerships with non-traditional stakeholders like tech companies or startup incubators to create new job opportunities for graduates?
Second, how is the Ministry leveraging technology and data analytics to improve job matching for graduates and connect them with relevant opportunities across different sectors?
Dr Tan See Leng: I thank the Member for his supplementary questions. To his first question about exploring innovative partnerships with tech companies and also startup incubators, the answer is yes. However, we need to be mindful of the stage of working with these startup incubators, as well as tech companies. Graduates that come out immediately from AUs may want to look for a longer-term job and certain type of career profile.
What we have done is, through A*STAR's Technology for Enterprise Capability Upgrading (T-UP) programme, we are working with many of the deep tech startups, the startup incubators, and we second data scientists to help them in moving up the value chain in terms of some of the specialised skill sets that they may require. For the broader groups of young graduates from our AUs, depending on the area of training and area of specialisation, we are prepared to consider partnerships, as long as there is also a clear career path for these young graduates.
It is not as straightforward as applying this model universally across all the different sectors of the graduating cohorts, but we certainly explore and further curate some of these programmes, leveraging on the insights and the learning from the T-UP programme that we started a couple of years ago.
On the second point, in terms of the leveraging on technology. Indeed, for careers health and also CareersFinder, which were hallmark initiatives that I had announced at last year's Committee of Supply, we do use a fair bit of data analytics, first to suss out the CVs, the training of our graduates, and then, for them to continue to upgrade their own career health by taking an active interest in making sure that their training, the skills adjacencies are up to mark, and also to nudge them and encourage them to upgrade their training, along the entire pathway of their career, so that it allows for better job matching. This provides a better career trajectory and a more productive runway for them.
On the use of data analytics and artificial intelligence, we are already leveraging on these technologies. Hopefully, that is the reassurance that I can give to the Member.
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